هل تتمنى أن تكون من العلماء؟
كلٌ منا يتمنى أن يكون عالماً عاملاً، وخطيباً مفوهاً، وقدوة حسنة، وإماماً في كل خير؛ وحُق للعبد تلك الأماني السامية عندما يطرق سمعه قول الله - تعالى-: ((ومن أحسن قولاً ممن دعا إلى الله وعمل صالحاً وقال إنني من المسلمين ))[سورة فصلت أية 33]، وتزداد تلك الرغبة عندما يتذكر قول الرسول - صلى الله عليه وسلم -: (العلماء ورثة الأنبياء)، وقوله: (لئن يهدي الله بك رجلاً واحداً خير لك من حمر النعم)[رواه مسلم]، وتبلغ تلك الأمينة أقصاها عندما يبلغه قول المصطفى الهادي بإذن ربه إلى صراط مستقيم: (من دعا إلى هدى كان له من الأجر مثل أجور من تبعه لا ينقص ذلك من أجورهم شيئاً)[رواه مسلم] قال ابن كثير - رحمه الله تعالى - في تفسيره: (( ومن أحسن قولاً ممن دعا إلى الله )): "أي دعا عباد الله إليه، (( وعمل صالحاً وقال إنني من المسلمين )): أي هو في نفسه مهتد بما يقوله فنفعه لنفسه ولغيره لازم ومتعد، وليس هو من الذين يأمرون بالمعروف ولا يأتونه، وينهون عن المنكر ويأتونه، بل يأتمر بالخير ويترك الشر، ويدعو الخلق إلى الخالق - تبارك وتعالى - وهذه عامة في كل من دعا إلى خير وهو في نفسه مهتد، ورسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - أولى الناس بذلك"[تفسير القرآن العظيم 4/126].
والعبد إذ يتمنى ذلك ليس هدفه أن يُشار إليه بالبنان، ولا ليستجديَ العطف والإحسان، بل هي الرغبة الصادقة في الآخرة، وابتغاء وجه الله - عز وجل - مستصحباً معه قول الرسول الكريم - صلى الله عليه وسلم - متوعداًً المرائيين، ومحذراًً الذين يريدون بعلمهم الدنيا : (أول من تسعر بهم النار يوم القيامة ثلاثة - وذكر منهم - رجلاً تعلم العلم ليقال عالم وقارئ فيؤمر به فيسحب على وجهه إلى النار )[أخرجه الترمذي]، (من تعلم علماً مما يبتغى به وجه الله لا يتعلمه إلا ليصيب به عرضاً من الدنيا لم يجد عرف الجنة - يعني ريحها - يوم القيامة)[رواه أحمد].
لقد مدح الله - تعالى- العلم والعلماءـ وأثنى عليهم ثناءً ينفض عن الكسالى غبار الكسل، ويطمع الزاهدين فيه لتحصيله، ويحث العلماء على طلب المزيد منه (( وقل رب زدني علماً ))، والنصوص في ذلك كثيرة حسبنا منها قول الله - عز وجل -: (( إنما يخشى اللهَ من عباده العلماءُ )) قال السعدي - رحمه الله - عند هذه الآية: "فكل مَنْ كان بالله أعلم كان أكثر له خشية، وأوجبت له خشية الله الانكفاف عن المعاصي، والاستعداد للقاء مَنْ يخشاه، وهذا دليل على فضيلة العلم، فإنه داع إلى خشية الله، وأهل خشيته هم أهل كرامته كما قال - تعالى-: ((رضي الله عنهم ورضوا عنه ذلك لمن خشي ربه))" فالعلماء هم أهل خشية الله - تعالى-، وكفى بالخشية خصلة فقد أخبر الله - عز وجل - عن الملائكة بأنهم: ((يخشون ربهم من فوقهم ويفعلون ما يؤمرون))، وقال في وصف الأنبياء والمرسلين والمتقين: (( إنهم كانوا يسارعون في الخيرات ويدعوننا رغباً ورهباً ))[سورة الأنبياء: 90]، وقال: (( إن الذين هم من خشية ربهم مشفقون))[سورة المؤمنون: 57]، وبالجملة فالخشية هي التي تدفع العبد لفعل الطاعات، وتزجره عن المعاصي والسيئات، وتورثه - بإذن الله - أعلى الجنات، فمن رغب - بعد سماع النصوص المرغبة في العلم - عنه فليبكِ على نفسه، وينوح عليها، وليرفع يديه إلى مولاه قائلاً : (اللهم إني أسألك علماً نافعاً)[رواه ابن السني] كما كان يدعو رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم -.
إن شغلك طلب الرزق، وألهتك معايشك عن تحصيل العلم؛ رغم نيتك الصادقة في أن تلحق بركب العلماء فتذكر قول رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - مسلياً نفسك؛ وهو يخبر عن رجل عالم وآخر يتمنى أن يكون له مثل علمه فقال - صلى الله عليه وسلم -: (ورجل آتاه الله الحكمة فهو يقضي بها فيقول: يا ليت لي مثل علمه لعملت مثله، قال: فهم في الأجر سواء)، فانظر كيف كانوا في الأجر سواء لأن الأمر كما أخبر النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم -: (إنما الأعمال بالنيات)، وهذا فضل الكريم الواسع ذو الفضل العظيم الذي لو أعطى عباده كلهم سؤلهم ما نقص ذلك من ملكه شيئاً، إنما هي نية صادقة من قلب سليم مخلص، وهذه النية لا تغنيك عن طلب العلم، بل سعيك في طلب العلم هو تصديق لتلك النية، عسى الله أن يفتح علينا من علمه، ويفيض علينا من بركاته.
تنبيه مهم: على العبد أن يعلم أنه لا بد له من تعلم الفقه الذي هو فرض عين وهو "معرفة معنى الشهادتين ومقتضاهما وما يناقضهما، ومعرفة أصول العقيدة الإسلامية؛ إذ العقيدة هي الفقه الأكبر، ومعرفة ما تصح به عبادة المرء من أحكام الطهارة والصلاة إجمالاً، وأحكام الزكاة إن كان عنده ما يزكيه، ومعرفة أحكام المعاملات ما يحل منها وما يحرم إن كان له تجارة حتى لا يقع في الحرام، لقوله - عليه الصلاة والسلام -: (طلب العلم فريضة على كل مسلم)[رواه الطبراني في الأوسط والكبير]"، وإن قعدت بنا ذنوبنا عن تحصيل العلم لأن: (العبد يحرم الرزق بالذنب يصيبه) فكيف بالعلم الذي هو سبب حياة القلب في الدنيا وسلامته الآخرة؛ فلنتب إلى الله - عز وجل -، وإن لم نكن علماء فلنكن متعلمين، وليسلم إخواننا وعلماءنا من ألسنتنا كما قال أحد السلف: "كن عالماً أو متعلماً ولا تكن الثالث فتهلك".
إنّ دلالة الناس على الخير الذي من أعظمه العلم - بل هو الخير كله -، هذه الدلالة على العلم من أفضل القربات، وأعظم الطاعات، وأسهل سبيل لتحصيل الحسنات من عدة جهات في وقت واحد: فيأتيك أجر صائم وقائم، ومتصدق وعابد كنت أنت السبب في دلالتهم على الخير، وهدايتهم إليه، قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم -: (من دل على خير فله مثل أجر فاعله)[رواه مسلم]، فلعلك ترشد عبداً من عباد الله إلى عالم ليصحبه، أو لدرس شيخ، أو تحثه على طلب العلم بأي وسيلة فيصبح عالماً صالحاً يأتي عمله هو ومن تبعه في ميزان حسناتك من غير أي نقص في أجورهم، وأمثلة الدلالة على الخير كثيرة تتعجب منها، ولعل قصة الإمام الذهبي - العالم المشهور - من تلكم الأعاجيب:
أنّ أحد مشايخه رأى خطه فقال له: إنّ خطك يشبه خط المحدثين، قال: فوقع حب الحديث في قلبي، وصدق الرسول الكريم - صلى الله عليه وسلم - حين قال: (وإن الرجل ليتكلم من رضوان الله - عز وجل - ما يظن أن تبلغ ما بلغت يكتب الله - عز وجل - له بها رضوانه إلى يوم القيامة)[أخرجه أحمد].
كاتب المقال: عبد العليم صديق
المصدر: المختار الإسلامي
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Publication Date: 2007-06-20
Following in the footsteps of the successful first edition, Functional Plant Ecology, Second Edition remains the most authoritative resource in this multidisciplinary field. Extensively revised and updated, this book investigates plant structure and behavior across the ecological spectrum. It features the ecology and evolution of plant crowns and addresses approaches to generalization in functional plant ecology, including the species-sampling problem, plant ecology strategy schemes, and phylogeny. The book follows a bottom-up approach, from the more specific, detailed studies focusing on plant organs to the broadest ecosystem approaches. It offers the latest findings and research breakthroughs in plant ecology, as well as consideration of classic topics in environmental science and ecology. A wide-ranging compendium, the book investigates plant structure and behavior across the ecological spectrum, from the leaf to the ecosystem levels
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Biological Invasions assembles detailed information on components of the invasive-species problem from six continents. This volume reconfirms the diverse and unpredictable roles that non-native species assume as they invade new ecosystems: destruction of vital crops and forests, major damages to ecosystems leading to loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and water loss. In addition, it covers the impact of disease organisms on human health and livestock. Information is provided on how the non-native species invade new ecosystems and the subsequent environmental effects of these invading species. Wherever possible, estimates on the economic impacts of
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Mycorrhizas: Anatomy and Cell Biology
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A major challenge of the 21st Century will be to ensure sufficient global food production to cope with the burgeoning world population. Soils, Land and Food is a short text aimed at undergraduates, graduates, agricultural scientists and policy makers which describes how the use of technology in soil management can increase and sustain agricultural production. The book leads the reader through the development of techniques of land management and discusses reasons why some agricultural projects have succeeded while others have failed. It shows how surveying and protecting soils before new land is brought into cultivation, raising soil fertility, increasing inputs and improving economic conditions can all help to increase food production. Particular emphasis is placed on the need for both economic change and technological intervention in developing countries where, in many cases, food production will need to more than double in the next fifty years
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Highlighting effective, analytical functions that have been found useful for the comparison of alternative management techniques to maximize water and nutrient resources, this reference describes the application of viable mathematical models in data analysis to increase crop growth and yields. Featuring solutions to various differential equations, the book covers the characteristics of the functions related to the phenomenological growth model. Including more than 1300 literature citations, display equations, tables, and figures and outlining an approach to mathematical crop modeling, Mathematical Models of Crop Growth and Yield will prove an invaluable resource
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The idea that living things and the atmosphere, oceans, and soils comprise an interactive, self-regulating system -- the Gaia concept -- was first proposed nearly thirty years ago. Since then researchers have been seeking new connections between life and the global environment. David Schwartzman contributes to that search by examining how the Earth's biosphere regulates itself over geologic time. Emphasizing long-term geologic trends -- not the short-term perturbations that have received so much media attention (e.g., the so-called greenhouse effect), the author presents and elucidates his theory of biospheric evolution.
Life, Temperature, and the Earth updates and modifies important aspects of the Gaia hypothesis in light of geochemical, geophysical, mathematical, and paleontological data that were either ignored or unavailable at the time the hypothesis was developed. Schwartzman argues that the Earth's climatic temperature has been biologically regulated amidst the backdrop of variable volcanic outgassing and an evolving sun. The key to this regulation -- discussed here in depth -- has been the progressive increase in life's promotion of weathering on land over geologic time. The book is the first to take note of strong evidence for much higher temperatures prior to about two billion years ago and their role in constraining the evolution of microbes and delaying the emergence of complex multicellular life.
Schwartzman sets the stage by introducing his theory of biospheric evolution and outlining the development of the Gaia concept during the 1980s and 1990s. He then presents a systematic exposition of the weathering process, discussing the habitability of the Earth over geologic time and the role of such abiotic factors as tectonics and the carbon geodynamic cycle in climatic evolution. The final third of the book turns to a reinterpretation of the surface temperature history of the Earth, positing a much warmer Precambrian Earth surface than conventionally believed and discussing the implications of this fact to evolutionary biology and bioastronomy (the search for life elsewhere in the universe).
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The authoritative introduction to natural water chemistry THIRD EDITION
Now in its updated and expanded Third Edition, Aquatic Chemistry remains the classic resource on the essential concepts of natural water chemistry. Designed for both self-study and classroom use, this book builds a solid foundation in the general principles of natural water chemistry and then proceeds to a thorough treatment of more advanced topics. Key principles are illustrated with a wide range of quantitative models, examples, and problem-solving methods.
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Plants utilize light not only for photosynthesis but also as environmental signals. They are capable of perceiving wavelength, intensity, direction, duration, and other attributes of light to perform appropriate physiological and developmental changes. This volume presents overviews of and the latest findings in many of the interconnected aspects of plant photomorphogenesis, including photoreceptors (phytochromes, cryptochromes, and phototropins), signal transduction, photoperiodism, and circadian rhythms, in 42 chapters. Also included, is a prologue by Prof. Masaki Furuya that gives an overview of the historical background. With contributions from preeminent researchers in specific subjects from around the world, this book will be a valuable source for a range of scientists from undergraduate to professional levels
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This volume contains a complete systematic treatment of the flowering plant order Asterales, comprising 12 families with ca. 1,720 genera and about 26,300 species. The order includes Compositae as the largest family of flowering plants. Based on traditional studies, several of the constituent families have long been recognized as being closely interrelated whereas the more recent inclusion particularly of Alseuosmiaceae, Argophyllaceae, Carpodetaceae, Phellinaceae and Rousseaceae is the result mainly of new advances in molecular systematics research. Identification keys are provided for all families and genera, and likely phylogenetic relationships are discussed extensively. The wealth of information contained in this volume makes it an indispensable source for all working in the fields of pure and applied plant
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Invasive plants have an impact on global biodiversity and ecosystem function, and their management is a complex task.
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This book is based on invited and selected offered papers-suitably revised and updated-from the 7th International Plant Cold Hardiness Seminar held at Hokkaido University, Japan, in July 2004. These papers present the latest research findings on plant freezing and chilling stress from major
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An up-to-date treatment of the scientific and commercial aspects of this increasingly popular medicinal plant genus, this volume covers material written by tea tree specialists dealing with significant aspects of M. alternifolia, including botany, chemistry, cultivation, agronomy, processing, toxicology, bioactivity, uses and marketing. Cajuput (M. cajaputi), Niaouli (M. quinquenervia), and potentially commercial Melaleucas are also reviewed. The book will be of interest to all of those concerned with the study and use of medicinal and aromatic plants and provides a comprehensive and
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Saffron is an important spice of high economic value. Used as a dye, and in the cosmetic industry, some interesting medicinal properties have recently been attributed to this genus. The book covers the research on the cultivation and genetic improvement of Saffron and all aspects on the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and cultivation of the species.
For two decades saffron specialists explored methods of improving its cultivation in the field and also in vitro. This research has resulted in a comprehensive and contemporary overview of saffron (Crocus Sativus L.) which will be of great interest to all concerned with the study and use of spices and medicinal plants.
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Microbiology, Fifth Edition
Author: Lansing M. Prescott
Product Details
1147 pages
Format: 150 MB PDF
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الكتاب اساسيات الميكروبيولجي كويس جدا للطلبه قبل ماتدخل في العمق
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الكتاب دة الميكروبيولجيا التطبيقيه العملي جميل خالص للطلبه وانا كمان هوريك الكونتينت ليه قبل ماتنزله هتسعد بيه جدا ان شاء الله
Contents
Basic Techniques of Microbiology
Orientation to the Microbiology Laboratory
The Microscope
Handling and Examining Cultures
Microsopic Morphology of Microorganisms
Hanging-Drop and Wet-Mount Preparations
Simple Stains
Differential Stains
ram Stain
Acid-Fast Stain
Special Stains
Cultivation of Mircroorganisms
Culture Media
Streaking Technique to Obtain Pure Cultures
Pour-Plate and Subculture Techniques
Culturing Microorganisms from the Environment
Destruction of Microorganisms
Physical Antimicrobial Agents
Moist and Dry Heat
The Autoclave
Chemical Antimicrobial Agents
Disinfectants
Antimicrobial Agent Susceptibility Testing and Resistance
Diagnostic Microbiology in Action
Principles of Diagnostic Microbiology: Culture of Clinical
Specimens, Identifying Isolated Microorganisms, Antigen
Detection and Nucleic Acid Assays
Primary Media for Isolation of Microorganisms
Some Metabolic Activities of Bacteria
Activities of Bacterial Enzymes
Principles of Antigen Detection and Nucleic Acid Assays
for Detection and Identification of Microorganisms
Microbiology of the Respiratory Tract
Staphylococci
Streptococci, Pneumococci, and Enterococci
Haemophilus, Corynebacteria, and Bordetella
Clinical Specimens from the Respiratory Tract
Microbiology of the Intestinal Tract
The Enterobacteriaceae
Clinical Specimens from the Intestinal Tract
Microbiology of the Urinary and Genital tracts
Urine Culture Techniques
Neisseria and Spirochetes
Microbial Pathogens Requiring Special Laboratory
Techniques; Serological Identification of Patients'
Antibodies
Anaerobic Bacteria
Mycobacteria
Mycoplasmas, Rickettsiae, Chlamydiae, Viruses, and Prions
Fungi: Yeasts and Molds
Protozoa and Animal Parasites
Serological Identification of Patients' Antibodies
Applied (Sanitary) Microbiology
Bacteriologic Analysis of Water
Bacteriologic Analysis of Milk
This new edition of a successful text, originally published in 1992, has been thoroughly revised and updated to include recent advances. In addition, new chapters have been introduced to ensure comprehensive coverage of all aspects of seed ecology. These include evolutionary ecology of seed size, the roles of fire and of gaps in regeneration and seedling colonization. Chapters are written by internationally acknowledged experts to give a comprehensive overview of all aspects of seed ecology which will be invaluable to advanced students and researchers in seed science and plant ecology
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The compounds making up the dry weight of seeds play a major role in determining the nutritional quality, and ultimately the uses of the economic value of the seed. The carbohydrate fraction can be divided into starch fibre and soluble carbohydrates. This book covers the chemistry, nutritional value, physiology, processing and breeding/biotechnology of carbohydrates in grain legume seeds. There is currently no book available which covers the strategies for improving carbohydrates in grain legumes which takes into account both nutritional and agricultural requirements. This books fills that gap
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Agrochemical products and adjuvants are of vital importance in agriculture, to protect food and fibre crops from weeds, insect pests and diseases, in order to feed and clothe the growing world population. In recent years there have been increasing pressures to produce agrochemical formulations which have a lower environmental impact and are safer in use. Enormous changes have taken place in the chemistry and technology of agrochemicals over the last twenty years or so and this book provides a timely review of the most important area of technology in the development of new products. This book covers issues around international product quality and safety standards and describes the current and likely future trends which will carry the industry forward into the next millennium. It brings together well known international experts with many years of practical experience from agrochemical companies, consultancies, academic institutions and regulatory bodies. Chemists and technologists involved in developing new or improved agrochemical formulations will find this book an essential reference in the course of their work. The book will also be of interest to those working in research and development departments of raw material suppliers, as a concise review of this important field.
General Contents:
Review of Major Agrochemical Classes and Uses
- Future Needs
- World Markets, 1996
- Sales by Category, 1995
- Sales by Crop, 1995
- Sales by Region, 1995
- Herbicides
- Insecticides
- Fungicides
- Plant Growth Regulators
- Biological Screening: Discovery and Development of a New Agrochemical
Formulation of Agrochemicals
- Conventional Formulations
- New-Generation Formulations
- Surfactants for Agrochemicals
- Other Formulation Additives
Water-Dispersible Granules
- Manufacturing Methods
- Physical Properties
- Design: Modern Methods
Recent Developments on Safer Formulations of Agrochemicals
- Liquid Formulations
- Controlled-Release Formulations
- Water-Soluble Packaging
- Dry Products (Water-Dispersible Granules)
- Adjuvants
- Other Formulation Types
- Summary and Future Possibilities
Agrochemical Formulations Using Natural Lignin Products
- Wettable Powders (WP)
- Water-Dispersible Granules (WG)
- Suspension Concentrates (SC)
- Oil-In-Water Emulsions (EW)
- Controlled Release
- Ultraviolet Protection
- Compatibility Agents
- Adjuvants
- Complexing Agents
- Environmental and Regulatory Information
Novel Surfactants and Adjuvants for Agrochemicals
- Polymeric Surfactants and Stability
- Trends Towards Environmentally Safer Surfactants
- Enhancing Biological Activity Using Adjuvants
Improving Agrochemical Performance: Possible Mechanisms for Adjuvancy
- Chemical Composition of Adjuvants
- Mechanistic Approaches for Investigating Adjuvancy
- Future Prospects
Packaging of Agrochemicals
- Selection of Packaging Types
- Closures
- Labelling
- Shelf Life
- Pack Design with Regard to Easy Rising and Disposal
- Types of Secondary Packaging
- United Nations Performance Tests
- Rinsing Methods
- Closed Transfer Systems
- Collection of Containers after use
- Summary of Key Design Criteria
- Returnable Packaging Systems
- ECPA Standard SVR Interface
- Future Direction
Application Techniques for Agrochemicals
- Hydraulic Nozzles
- Portable Sprayers
- Tractor Sprayers
- Aerial Application
- ULV and CDA Ground Application
- Fogs, Mists and Aerosols
- Electrostatically Charged Applications
- Chemigation
- Granule, Dust and Seed Treatments
- Miscellaneous
- Standards
Regulatory Requirements in the European Union
- Some Basic Features of 91/414/EEC
- Overview of Authorizations
- Data Requirements
- Dossier Preparation
- Inclusion of Active Substances in Annex I of 91/414/EEC
- Authorization of Plant Protection Products
- Transitional Measures and the Review Programme
- Adjuvants
Regulatory Requirements in the USA
- Federal Pesticide Laws
- EPA Office of Pesticide Programs
- Product Registration: Obtaining a License to Sell
- Registration and Tolerance Data Requirements
- Data Evaluation
- Data Protection and Compensation
- Reregistration and Product Defense
- Product Labeling
- State Registration Requirements
- Conclusions
Waste Management and Disposal of Agrochemicals
- Site Management Responsibilities
- Waste Minimization
- Waste Types
- Waste Handling
- Documentation and Records
- Waste Disposal
- Treatment and Disposal of Aqueous Effluents Arising from Formulation and Packaging of Agrochemical Products
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Understanding phytochemical-gene interactions provides the basis for individualized therapies to promote health as well as prevent and treat disease. The authors of Phytochemicals: Nutrient-Gene Interactions examine the interactions between phytochemicals and the human genome and discuss the impact these interactions have on health, aging, and chronic conditions such as inflammation, heart disease, obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Keeping pace with the most important trends in phytochemical research, the authors accentuate the latest understanding on the use of controlled clinical trials, new screening technologies, and the completed human genome project for researching the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of phytochemicals. The book covers a balanced range of topics beginning with experimental strategies and methodologies for identifying significant interactions between diet, genetic variants, and different markers of cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and obesity. Different authors explain the mechanisms of protective action that link diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids, unsaturated fats, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains with a decreased risk of chronic and degenerative diseases. They also review and summarize epidemiological research on plant-based foods and dietary patterns supporting the beneficial role of phytochemicals in health promotion and disease prevention. Phytochemicals: Nutrient-Gene Interactions illustrates the growing role of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics in disease prevention and in the responsible development of safe and effective phytochemical products within the food, pharmaceutical, and supplement industries.
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Plant Adaptation: Molecular Genetics and Ecology
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Tropical mycology is attracting increasing interest, as the key role of fungi in tropical ecosystems and as pathogens becomes appreciated. This book is the first of two complementary volumes (Volume 2 covers Micromycetes) produced from papers given at the British Mycological Society's symposium held in Liverpool in April 2000. It describes the ecology, biology, economic dimensions and systematics of tropical Macromycetes. Written by leading experts in their field, the papers have been thoroughly edited and revised.
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Genetic Engineering: Principles and Methods presents state-of-the-art discussions in modern genetics and genetic engineering. Recent volumes have covered gene therapy research, genetic mapping, plant science and technology, transport protein biochemistry, and viral vectors in gene therapy, among many other topics.
Key features of Volume 27 include:
- Identification and Analysis of Micrornas
- Dormancy and the Cell Cycle
- Long distance peptide and metal transport in plants
- Signaling in plant response to temperature and water stresses
- Nutrient transport and metabolism in plants
- Salt Stress Signaling and Mechanisms of Plant Salt Tolerance
- Gene cloning and expression
- Assisted folding and assembly of proteins
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This is the most authoritave, reliable, and safe technique available today, not to mention the economical feasibility. Wether your a scholar studying the pharmacological and cross-culture use of hallucinogens, or a 18 year old, this book explains the process of growing mycelium with potent psilocybin in easy to follow steps with descriptive pictures. The toxicity of psilocybin, the main alkaloid in the psychedelic mushroom also known as Stropharia Cubensis (this books goes by that strain) is 200, that is L.D. 200 in other words, 200 times the effective dose approaches toxicity, So in other words, in pharmacological terms, these substances are harmless, since you cant even ingest that much. This book does state that in fairly technical terms, in a section separate from the main. Mushroom use in ancient civilizations has been in use for thousands of years, the knowledge, unparalleled in the sense of human understanding upon subjects which otherwise with go without. What psychedelics ultimately do is they dissolve boundaries, and in the presence of dissolved boundaries, one cannot continue to close ones eyes to the ruination of the earth, positing of the seas, and 2000 years of unchallenged dominator culture, based on monotheism, hatred of nature, suppression of the female, so forth and so on. You have a godlike understanding to learn and assimilate new information, the kind of experience you have when looking over a landscape from the air, when previously only viewed from the ground. This book while eloquently outlining this in the introduction primarily focuses on growing the mycelium, in which it does flawlessly. In the process of growing mycelium, you have to have very sterile conditions, and this book stresses contamination, while other books don't emphasize that, which I find a problem. While this book gives you a list of tools, which are easily bought in any town or on the internet for a reasonable low price (Excluding the pressure cooker) it also gives you a sense of understanding for the process as a whole, which gives this process specifically a tint of art, because it is, in and of itself an art. It would be recommended to have at least a college level of English, and college level chemistry wouldn't hurt as well. These substances can show you what has never been seen before, and never will be seen by any human ever again. Our culture is in a ridiculous position in relation with these substances, and in reading this book one becomes more familiar to the properties and uses, preparation and dosage alike, so one doesn't have a culturally sanctioned basises toward something which he/she had no prior knowledge. This book, written by Terence & Dennis McKenna, however written under the name Oss and Oeric, are the foremost spokesperson's for the psychedelic experience, among other things, and are literary geniuses (in the purest definition) whose knowledge is unparalleled as well. If your interested more on the fascinating subject of psychedelics, Refer to Terence McKenna's Food of the Gods, Invisible Landscape, Archaic Revival; Rupert Sheldrake, Ralph Abraham, Ralph Metzner, Gordon Wasson, Albert Hoffman, Peter Furst, Aldoux Huxley, William Blake, Roger Heim, A Hoffer, H Osmund, Mircea Eliade, Richard E. Shultes, Dennis Mckenna, Snyder Solomon, Michael Harner, Marlene Dobkin, David Aberle, im sure there are many many others however those are some of my favorites.
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بخصوص المشروم
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Plants play a key role in purifying the biosphere of the toxic effects of industrial activity. This book shows how systematic application of the results of investigations into the metabolism of xenobiotics (foreign, often toxic substances) in plants could make a vastly increased contribution to planetary well-being. Deep physiological knowledge gained from an accumulation of experimental data enables the great differences between the detoxifying abilities of different plants for compounds of different chemical nature to be optimally exploited. Hence planting could be far more systematically adapted to actual environmental needs than is actually the case at present. The book could form the basis of specialist courses in universities and polytechnics devoted to environmental management, and advanced courses in plant physiology and biochemistry, for botany and integrative biology students. Fundamental plant physiology and biochemistry from the molecular level to whole plants and ecosystems are interwoven in a
powerful and natural way, making this a unique contribution to the field
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